介词IN的语义向度：认知视角

Semantic Orientations of the Preposition IN:A Cognitive Perspective

Abstract

Semantic orientation of preposition in has been one of the main objects linguists study. The thesis intends to make an attempt to investigate semantic structure of in from a prototypical perspective. Then there is a semantic network of in, exhibiting prototypical effect. Through the study of prototypical meaning map into the extensive meaning, the thesis investigates the semantic extension from spatial to non-spatial meanings involved in the process of metaphorization. Langacker’s trajector-landmark distinction and Lakoff’s image schema are applied to classify the spatial meanings of in into three types, that is, static inclusion, a dynamic process from exclusion to inclusion and the final inclusive status of a dynamic process. The analysis of the extended meanings of in focuses on the extension of the spatial relation between the trajector and landmark. The research shows that the metaphorical dimensions of in can be represented in many domains including location, time, activity, scope, state, direction, degree and cause etc..

Key Words: cognitive linguistics; prototype theory; preposition in; container schema; semantic orientations

摘 要

介词in的语义向度1直是语言学研究的现象之1。本文试图从典型的视角对介词in的语义结构进行研究,并建立in的语义网络且体现出典型特征。通过对介词in的原型意义引申到它的边缘意义的探索，从而更进1步的研究in从空间意义到非空间意义的隐喻过程。依据 Langacker 的射体－界标理论和 Lakoff 的意象图示理论，将 in 的空间意义划分为静态包含，由外到内的动态包含，由外到内运动结果的包含3种关系。另外，本文将方位词 in 的原型意义和引申意义归类统计，同时对其非空间域进行详细分析。研究结果表明,in 的隐喻拓展主要包括位置,时间,状态,活动,范围,原因,状态等多个维度。

关键词: 认知语言学、原型理论、介词in、容器隐喻、语义向度

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