浅析杰克.伦敦小说中的自然主义

An Analysis of Naturalism in Jack London’s Novels

Abstract

Jack London has been in the forefront of the move toward naturalism fiction and realism in American. The naturalism in his works was expressed by environmental determinism and hereditary determinism. This paper took his two novels The Call of the Wild and White Fang as examples, through two views of environment and heredity to explain the influence to animals’ existence. Environmental determinism made Buck and White Fang have different destiny, and hereditism determinism made Buck and White Fang survive in the bad conditions.

Key Words：Jack London; naturalism; environmental determinism; hereditary determinism

摘　要

杰克•伦敦曾经处在美国自然主义小说和现实主义的最前线。他作品中的自然主义是通过环境决定论和遗传决定论来表达的。本文以他关于狗的小说《野性的呼唤》和《白牙》为例，通过从遗传和环境两个角度揭示了作者自然主义的写作风格,阐述了遗传和环境因素对动物生存的双重影响。环境决定论使得布克和白牙有着不同的命运，而遗传决定论使得布克和白牙能够在恶劣的条件下生存。

关键词：杰克•伦敦、自然主义、环境决定论、遗传决定论

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