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④在此,我们可通过引述梅洛-庞蒂来说明这一点。他说:“我用自己的身体来观察外在对象,对付它们,考察它们,绕它们而走,但是,我的身体本身,不是我观察的东西。为了能观察我的身体,我得使用第二个身体,其自身是不可观察的。”参见,Merleau-Ponty,Phenomenology of Perception,p. 91.
⑤关于焦点意识,波兰尼有时用“to”表示,有时用“at”表示。
⑥Harry Prosch在其Micheal Polanyi: A Critical Exposition第十六章《认识论的反还原主义是否充分?》中,从另一个角度出发得出了和笔者类似的结论。该章的主题是为波兰尼的层级化实在的本体论作辩护,批评Marjorie Grene肯定默会认识论但否弃层级化实在的本体论的做法。在此过程中,Harry Prosch指出,波兰尼没有主张笛卡儿式的二元论,Marjorie Grene的看法是错误的。参见Harry Prosch, Micheal Polanyi: A Critical Exposition, State University of New York Press, 1986, pp. 220-234.
【参考文献】
[1]Polanyi, Michael, and Harry Prosch. Meaning. Chicago: The University of Chicago Press, 1975.
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[5]Dreyfus, Hubert. Being-in-the-World. Cambridge, Massachusetts: The MIT Press.
[6]Grene, Marjorie. A Philosophical Testament. Chicago and La Salle: Open Court, 1995.
[7]Merleau-Ponty. Phenomenology of Perception. Tran. Colin Smith. London: Routledge.
[8]Shusterman, Richard. " The Silent, Limping Body of Philosophy. " Eds. Taylor Carman and Mark B. N. Hansen. The Cambridge Companion to Meleau-Ponty. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2005.
[9]Polanyi, Michael. Knowing and Being: Essays by Michael Polanyi. London: Routeledge, 1969.
[10]Polanyi, Michael. The Study of Man. The University of Chicage Press, 1959.
[11]Polanyi, Michael. The Tacit Dimension. Gloucester, Mass. : Peter Smith, 1983.
[12]Ryle, Gilbert. The Concept of Mind. New York: Barnes and Noble, 1949.
[13]Grence, Marjorie. " Tacit Knowing: Grounds for a Revolution in Philosophy. " Journal of the British Society for Phenomenology 8. 3( 1977) .
[14]Descartes, Rene. The Philosophical Works of Descartes. Vol. 1. Trans. Elizabeth S. Haldane and G. R. T. Ross. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1911.
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