略论陶渊明饮酒诗的意象

摘   要

陶渊明是我国古代文学史上第1个大量创作饮酒诗的人，其饮酒诗在其创作的作品中占有10分重要的地位。陶渊明的饮酒诗在诗歌意象艺术的创造上立意超拔，取象新鲜，平淡自然，真实婉转，具有极高的艺术价值，特别是诗中的很多具体意象（如鸟、菊（松）、酒等）都有其深刻的象征隐喻意义。例如，陶渊明饮酒诗的鸟意象通过“对飞鸟的向往”和“对归鸟的思慕”两个方面表达了他的伟大理想和情怀；另外，在陶渊明的饮酒诗中，菊（松）那种“高风亮节”和“超然物外”的高贵品格凸现了诗人敢于抗争、勇于奋斗的精神；而在酒意象上，诗人在饮酒诗中1方面借“酒”咏怀，另1方面“酒”中求道，展现了自己敢怒敢言、自然任真的英雄本色和名士风流。这些意象寄托着诗人的理想和情操，是诗人人格的再现。只有将陶渊明饮酒诗中的这些意象的艺术性和思想性完美地统1起来，才能真正把握陶渊明诗歌，才能真正认识陶渊明其人。
关键词：陶渊明；饮酒诗；意象

ABSTRACT

Tao Yuanming was our country ancient times in the history of literature the first massive creations drinks wine the poem person, it drank wine the poem to hold the extremely important status in its creation work, Tao Yuanming drinks wine the poem in the poetry image art creation excellent, fresh, the light nature, real was persuasive, has the extremely high artistic value, specially in poem very many concrete images (for example the bird, the chrysanthemum (pine), liquor and so on) all had its profound symbolic metaphor significance. First, Tao Yuanming drank wine the poem bird image is passes and "to turns over to birds admiring" "to birds yearning for" two aspects to express his noble ideal and the mood; Next, drinks wine in the poem in Tao Yuanming, the chrysanthemum (pine) that kind "was honest" and "relaxed" the noble moral character to unfold the spirit which own dared to resist, dares to struggle; Finally, the poet on the one hand borrows "the liquor" to chant the bosom, on the other hand "the liquor" center asks to say, unfolded own to dare to get angry dares the word, the nature no matter what the real true quality of a hero and the famous litterateur were loose. These images are reposing poets ideal and the sentiment, is the poet personality reappearance. Only then drinks wine in the poem these images artistry Tao Yuanming and the ideological nature perfectly unifies, can grasp the Tao Yuanming poetry truly, can know Tao Yuanming its person truly.