来自《1984年》的警示——极权主义下的亡灵

 The Warning of Nineteen Eighty-Four: The Departed Sprit under the Totalitarian Society

Abstract

George Orwell (1903-1950), a famous British novelist, was regarded as one of the three foremost political writers in the 20th century. The Nineteen Eighty-Four is one of his best works. The book tells the story of Winston Smith and his attempts to rebel against the totalitarian state in which he lives. This thesis is about how George Orwell warns readers about the dangers of totalitarianism in his novel 1984. The first part, we are taken to a society that is governed by an oppressive force known as "The Party," and an intangible ruler known only as "Big Brother.” The second part, concentrates on the main character, Winston Smith who spends his time throughout the novel trying to overthrow The Party and Big Brother. At last, Winston fails in his attempts. He is captured, betrayed by people whom he believed to be on his side, and is later brainwashed into loving and following Big Brother. The last part sums up the significance of writing this novel.

Key Words: totalitarianism; Winston Smith; humanist; tragedy; warning

摘  要

乔治•奥威尔的传世之作《1984年》是1部政治讽喻小说。该书讲述的是主人公温斯顿•史密斯在极权主义统治下以各种方式极力反抗“老大哥”的故事。本通过对书中人物的分析揭示其极权主义下人们悲惨命运从而达到警示人们的主题。分为3部分。第1部分对极权主义社会形态的简介,分别从极权主义对人们思想的控制和性欲的禁锢两方面阐述。第2部分是文章的主体，该部分以人物的生活条件和思想行动为主线，引申出在极权主义下，英雄的命运注定是失败。第3部分则是对小说写作意义的总结，分别从小说情节和作者写作意图两方面论述极权主义对人们的警示。

关键词：极权主义、温斯顿•史密斯、人文主义者、悲剧、警示

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