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超期羁押刑事赔偿之探究(1)

2017-09-14 01:23 目 录
绪论……………………………………………………………1
一、超期羁押全面国家赔偿的必要性………………………1
二、超期羁押刑事赔偿的现实反思…………………………5
三、超期羁押刑事赔偿的改革思路…………………………8内容摘要
超期羁押是一种严重侵犯公民人身自由权的违法行为，所谓超期羁押，就是超过法定的期限对犯罪嫌疑人、被告人实施羁押的行为，他侵犯了犯罪嫌疑人、被告人的基本人权，违反了程序合法的原则，尽管我国《刑事诉讼法》修改已经7年的时间，但是“有罪推定”的思想一直阴魂不散，“重实体、轻程序”和“重打击、轻保护”等传统观念根深蒂固；严格说，超期羁押也是一种违法犯罪行为，对于被超期羁押者应当贯彻全面的国家赔偿原则，不以犯罪嫌疑人、被告人最终是否被判处“无罪”为条件，一个人即使最终被判“有罪”，判决前如果存在超期羁押的情形，那么也应进行相应的经济补偿。我们应改变传统的落后观念，树立起先进的执法理念，牢固树立“无罪推定”、“程序与实体并重”、“打击与保护”并重的观念，建立健全相关的法律制度，对被超期羁押者予以全面的经济上的救济。当然，这在目前中国还存在严重的制度和观念上的障碍。关键词：超期羁押；刑事赔偿；经济补偿The paper abstractGoes over the time limit takes into custody is one kind encroaches upon the citizen personal freedom power seriously the illegal activity, so-called goes over the time limit takes into custody, is surpasses the legal deadline the behavior which to the crime suspect, the accused person implements takes into custody, he has encroached upon the crime suspect, accused person's basic human rights, has violated the procedure legitimate principle, although our country "Law of Criminal Procedure" revised already 7 years, but “estimated guilty” the thought was haunted by the ghost continuously, “the heavy body, the light procedure” and “the heavy attack, the light protection” and so on the traditional ideas were ingrained; Said strictly that, goes over the time limit takes into custody also is one kind of illegal criminality, regarding is gone over the time limit taking into custody to have to implement the comprehensive national compensation principle, not by crime suspect, accused person finally whether is condemned “innocently” is the condition, even if a person is finally sentenced “guilty”, if before the decision has the situation which goes over the time limit takes into custody, then also should carry on the corresponding economical compensation. We should change traditional the backward idea, the law enforcement idea which setting up entered at first, reliable setting up “estimated innocently”, “the procedure and the entity paid equal attention to” the idea which, “the attack and the protection” paid equal attention to, established the perfect correlation the legal regime, to is gone over the time limit taking into custody to give in the comprehensive economical the relief. Certainly, this also has in the serious system and the idea barrier in the present China. Key word: Goes over the time limit takes into custody; Criminal compensation; Economical compensation

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超期羁押，顾名思义，就是超过法定期限的羁押。一般来讲，超期羁押是建立在合法羁押的基础之上的。羁押，是指法定机关为保证刑事诉讼的顺利进行，在特定期限内将犯罪嫌疑人、被告人拘禁于一定场所的强制措施。我国《国家赔偿法》第15条规定，对造成人身损害的，国家刑事赔偿的范围为：“(1)对没有犯罪事实或没有事实证明有犯罪重大嫌疑的人错误拘留的；(2)对没有犯罪事实的人错误逮捕的；(3)依照审判监督程序再审改判无罪，原判刑罚已经执行的；(4)刑讯逼供或者以殴打等暴力行为或者唆使他人以殴打等暴力行为造成公民身体伤害或死亡的；(5)违法使用武器、警械造成公民身体伤害或者死亡的。”可见，我国的刑事赔偿基本上是以“无罪”赔偿和“违法”责任赔偿为原则。当前，我国超期羁押问题严重，而对超期羁押的刑事赔偿问题又没有完全落实，被超期羁押者往往只有在最终被宣告“无罪”的情况下才可能获得国家赔偿，这具有明显的局限性。