现世性与超越性:初期道教与基督教的差异
2015-07-19 01:10
导读:哲学论文论文,现世性与超越性:初期道教与基督教的差异应该怎么写,有什么格式要求,科教论文网提供的这篇文章是一个很好的范例:
中文提要:本文将主要从初期道教与基督教诞生时的精神特质、
中文提要:本文将主要从初期道教与基督教诞生时的精神特质、创立者的信仰与态度两个方面,审视它们所表现出的现世性与超越性的差异。道教在起源上承袭了巫术、神仙术、五德终始说、讖纬所内含的现世性,这和基督教诞生时人们对弥赛亚的盼望所体现出来的超越性的精神特质形成鲜明对照。初期基督教虽然不否定肉体生命的价值,但是,在福音书作者的心目中,耶稣所宣讲的却是人不能只靠物质性的东西而活,还要靠上帝的话。上帝的话,乃是上帝的灵呼吸的结果。换言之,初期基督教是要把人引向上帝属灵的国度。此外,初期基督教并不像道教那样,以建立现世的之国为目标。
WorldlinessandTranscendence,thedifferenceofDaoismandChristianityinirPrimitiveDevelopmentDr.ZhaChangping
Abstract:
ThispaperstudiesthedifferenceoftheworldlinessofDaoismandthetranscendenceofChristianityduringtheirprimitivedevelopmentaccordingtotheethosoftheireratheycameintobeing,andthefaithandpoliticalattitudesoftheirfounders.Daoisminheritedoriginallytheworldlinessinthetraditionalsorcery,witcherybytheimmortals,thephilosophyofhistoryexplainsthedevelopmentoftheancientChinesehistorythroughthecirculationofthefiveconstantvirtuesincludingbenevolence,righteousness,propriety,knowledgeandfaithcorrespondingtothefiveprimaryelements---metal,wood,water,fireandearth,thebooksabouttheoccult.ThisclearlycontradistinguishesfromtheethosofthetranscendenceofChristianityduringitsprimitivedevelopmentembodyinginthatbothmanyJewsandthegentilesinPalestinewereeagerlyhopingforMessiah.AlthoughtheprimitiveChristianitydidnotdenythevalueofthefleshylife,inthemindoftheevangelistswhatJesusproclaimedwasthatonedoesnotlivebybreadalone,butbyeveryGod’swordcomingfromGod’sSpiritbreathes.Inanotherword,theprimitiveChristianityistoleaditsbelieversintoGodspiritualkingdom.Furthermore,unliketheprimitiveDaoism,itsaimistobuildtheworldlykingdominthepresentage.ThecreatorsintheprimitiveDaoismlongedforthefulfillmentoftheearthlykingdomwhereeverybodycouldbealiveforeverandever,thereforetheyuproseagainstthegovernmentofthekingsintheWeijinDynasties.Theyhadahostilepoliticalpositionagainstthegovernmentsintheirages.Onthecontrary,thecreatorofChristianity,JesusofNazareth,answeredtheRomangovernorPilate,‘Mykingdomisnotfromthisworld.Ifmykingdomwerefromthisworld,myfollowerswouldbefightingtokeepmefrombeinghandedovertotheJews.Butasitis,mykingdomisnotfromhere’(NRSJohn18:36).HeobeyedtothejudgeofPilate,notmakinginsurrectionagainsttheworldlyRomangovernment.Jesus’obedientactionandattitudetowardstherealpoliticsgavethefeatureoftranscendencetotheprimitiveChristianity.
(科教作文网http://zw.nseAc.com) 初期道教,指公元二世纪末(东汉末年)至六世纪末(南北朝【420-589】前)的道教。其核心教义为“长生不死”、“肉体飞升”或“肉体成仙”[①]。对于个体的道教徒而言,这意味着“精、气、神三者混一而成仙”;对于作为一个宗教共同体而言,其目的是“天、地、人三者合一以致太平”,达成肉体生命的共在。在时间上,道教的初期相当于基督教的早期,即逼迫时期(100-313)和国教时期(313-590)。与之对应的初期基督教,应当指主后30-100年期间,其标志为耶稣复活、升天事件与使徒约翰完成启示录(约95年)。本文将主要从初期道教与基督教诞生时的时代精神特质、创立者的信仰态度两个方面,审视它们所表现出的现世性与超越性的差异。