追溯父亲的心理历程——论《我的父亲》中虚拟

Abstract

Doris Lessing was born of British parents in Persia (now Iran) in 1919, whose father lost a leg in World War I and had taken a job in the Imperial Bank of Persia. When she was 5 years old, her family moved to Southern Rhodesia, where she stayed for 25 years. In 1949, she moved to England, where she now lives, in northwest London. Doris Lessing has described her childhood as an uneven mix of some pleasure and much pain. Her early years were spent absorbing her father’s bitter memories of World War I, taken in as a kind of “poison.” “We are all made by war.” Lessing has written, “twisted and warped by war, but we seem to forget it.” She writes about naiveté and has a vivid style.
Her autobiographical essay, My Father (1963), provides a sense of the terrible nostalgia and regret which her father experiences for his youth, that is, his life before the First World War. Doris Lessing’s self-representational writing is a form of psychoanalysis or psychotherapy because she uses the position of author to act as psychoanalyst and character simultaneously. A dialogic process thus develops both between Lessing as author and Lessing as character, and between Lessing’s fictive selves, which exist in a variety of self-representational texts.
At the very beginning of the essay, the author emphasized the “true” in the article. In order to reach it, she created a fictive self, that is, Lessing makes herself to come closer to what her father experiences. In addition, she applied the writing way in which fiction resembles psychoanalysis, a learning experience, which is therapeutic.

Key words: self-representation; fictive self; selfhood; reminiscences;
psychoanalysis; anguish
 

摘   要

朵丽丝•莱辛1919年出生于波斯（今伊朗）。她的父母是英国人。1战时，她父亲失去了1条腿，随后在波斯的皇家银行工作。在她5岁时，他们家搬到了罗德西亚南部，在那里1住就是25年。1949年，莱辛移居英格兰，在伦敦的西北部安了家，现在还住在那里。在她的作品中，莱辛对自己童年的描述总是夹杂着些许的快乐与无尽痛苦。在她的早期生活中，父亲总是对她灌输1战中的那些苦涩经历，如同给她服毒药1样。莱辛曾写道：“我们都是战争的产物。战争困扰着我们，扭曲了人性，而我们似乎要把它忘却了。” （科教作文网 zw.nseac.com整理）
她的作品言辞纯真无邪，风格生动活泼。《我的父亲》是她的1篇自传体散文，写于1963年。作品中流露出1种浓浓的怀旧之情，追忆了其父亲年青时代 的生活经历，也就是他1战前的生活。莱辛自我表达的写作方式是心理分析或心理治疗的1种形式，因为她以1个作者的身份同时扮演着心理分析家和文中人物的双重角色。因此，对白的过程是在作为作者的莱辛和作为文中人物的她之间进行的，或是在莱辛那些虚拟的自我间进行的。而在莱辛的各种自我表现的文章中，都有存在着虚拟的自我。
在本文的开头，作者强调它是真实的。为了达到这个目的，她创造了1个虚拟的自我，以便让自己与父亲的经历靠得更近。另外，她还应用了1种让小说类似心理分析的写作手法，描述1个心理治疗式的心灵体验过程。

关键词：自我表现；虚拟的自我；自我；回忆；心理分析；痛苦