浅谈英汉句子结构差异

xAbstract
 

This thesis discusses the differences of sentence structure between English and Chinese and how to minimize the negative effect caused by these differences in translation, by analyzing a lot of examples. English and Chinese belong to entirely different language systems (Indo-European vs. Sino-Tibetan). Not surprisingly, there are vast differences between the two. Sentence structure is one of the areas in which great differences exist. This paper examines and analyzes these differences from the following four prospectives: hypotactic and paratactic, impersonal and personal, passive and active, indirect and direct aspects. Then proposals are offered as to how to bridge the gap in the above aspects in translation (mainly from English into Chinese). Three methods are suggested. Examples are taken from Leslie’s short story: “Don’t Get Comfortable” and other sources.

Key words: English; Chinese; differences; sentence structure

摘   要

本文通过分析大量实例来讨论英汉句子结构存在何种差异；以及在翻译中如何避免该差异产生的消极影响。由于英汉分别属于两种完全不同的语言体系(英语属印欧体系;汉语属汉藏体系。) 毫无置疑，这两种语言存在着许多的差异。其中，句子结构存在的差异最为明显。文章主要从以下4个方面来考察和分析这些差异：形合与意合，物称与人称，主动与被动，间接与直接。并且提出1些建议克服这些差异对翻译（主要是英译汉）的影响，总结出3种翻译方法。文章中所举例子部分来自莱斯利的“不要只贪图安逸”；部分来自其他参考文献。

关键词：英语；汉语；差异；句子结构

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