论等效翻译及其在汉英翻译中的应用

On Equivalent Translation Theory and Its Application to C-E Translation

Abstract

The dynamic equivalence and functional equivalence put forward by Eugene A. Nida have been influential in the translating circle. Nida defines dynamic equivalence as the relation of target language receptors to the target language text should be roughly equivalent to the relationship between the original receptors and the original text. However, his theory came under attack from the very beginning. For instance, some one argues that no translation of a poem is ever the same as or equivalent to its original. Actually, Nida’s theory does not mean the absolute equivalence. He argues in Language, Culture, and Translating, “it is best to speak of functional equivalence in terms of a range of adequacy, since no translation is ever completely equivalent”. Jin Di also declares that equivalence is a relative concept. That the absolute equivalence is impossible to achieve doesn’t mean it is meaningless. It should be considered as an aim and a standard. Based on the study of many scholars, three principles are generalized: accuracy and flexibility, faithfulness and smoothness, and content and effect. Then from the perspective of translation of words, sentences and texts respectively, the application of equivalence to C-E translation will be discussed.

Key Words: equivalent translation theory;  dynamic equivalence;  functional
equivalence;  application

摘  要

尤金•奈达提出的动态对等和功能对等在翻译圈中颇有影响。奈达把动态对等定义为：目标语读者与译文之间的关系应该同源语读者与原文之间的关系大致对应。但是，他的理论从1开始就受到批判。有人反对说没有1首诗的翻译能与原诗相同或对等。事实上，奈达的理论并不是指完全对等。就如他在《语言、文化和翻译》1书中所说：最好把功能对等说描叙为1定范围内的准确度，因为没有翻译是完全对等的。金隄也说对等是1个相对概念。完全对等是不可能的，但这并不意味着它没有意义。应该把它看成1个目标，1个标准。在许多学者研究的基础上，本文提出了3个等效翻译的原则，即准确与灵活、信与顺、内容与效果。然后分别从词、句子、篇章3个方面探讨等效翻译理论在汉译英中的应用。

关键词：等效翻译理论、动态对等、功能对等、应用

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