论被动语态在科技英语中的运用及翻译

Application and Translation of Passive Voice in English of Science and Technology

Abstract

This thesis is a study of the passive voice in EST (English for science and technology). It begins with a brief account of EST. Then it analyzes the features of EST on both lexical and semantic levels respectively. It is pointed out that the most distinctive grammatical characteristic of EST is the frequent use of passive voice because of its objectivity. As for the translation of passive voice in EST, the passive structure can remain unchanged. Passive sentences in English are translated into active voice in Chinese by changing original objects or subjects, adding subjects, and being converted into subjectless sentences or other structures for a good translation.
                                                                
Key Words: English for science and technology;  features;  passive voice;  objectivity;  translation;  general principles

摘  要

本文研究科技英语中的被动语态及翻译。文章首先简要介绍了科技英语，然后从词汇和语义两个层面分析科技英语的特点。科技英语中最为显著的语法特征就是频繁使用被动语态，这是因为被动语态所表达的客观性恰好符合科技英语侧重述事推理，强调客观准确的要求，因而科技英语中被动语态应用极为广泛。对于科技英语中被动语态的翻译，被动结构可以在汉语中保持不变，但大部分被动句的翻译是通过转换原句主语和宾语或者是增添主语，转化为汉语的主动语态，也可以是转化无主句和其它结构，从而使译文更通畅。

关键词：科技英语、特点、被动语态、客观性、翻译、1般原则

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