语境与翻译

Context and Translation
Abstract

Context is a set of contextual factors that influence the conveyance of meaning and its expression. And translation is a kind of inter-lingual and cross-cultural communication activity. Context has close relations with translation, and restricts translation, yet translation depends on context. Centering on the close relationship between context and translation, this thesis gives a brief introduction of context, including its definition and classification. Then it discusses the explanatory and restricting function of context in accurate understanding of word meaning and translation. Lastly, it analyzes the relationship of context and translation according to which the conditions of successful translation is proposed and emphasizes the significance of context in translation again. Since the majority of failures in translating seemingly results from an inadequate understanding of the source text, this thesis has proved that context consciousness as a most effective access to the solution, namely, much misunderstanding in the original text and misinterpretation in the target language can be avoided provided that the translator always remains sensitive to context apart from his competence in both language and culture.

Key Words:  context; classification of context; functions of context; translation      

摘  要

语境是指影响语义和表达的1系列主客观因素，翻译是1种语际间的、跨文化的人类交际活动.语境与翻译有着密切联系,语境制约翻译,翻译依赖于语境. 该文将语境与翻译的关系作为中心问题加以论述,首先简单介绍了语境,包括语境的定义和分类.进而研究了语境在准确理解词义和翻译中的解释和限定功能.最后分析了翻译和语境的关系，并在此基础上提出了成功翻译的条件，再次强调了语境在翻译中的重要性。该文探讨了语境之所以重要的原因,论证了没有依据语境正确地理解原文,就不可能有准确翻译这1论点,并指出只要译者时刻注意语境因素对翻译的制约和影响,那么对原文的错误理解以及由此造成的译文中的错误表达便完全可以避免.因此,我们说翻译中的语境意识是解决这1问题的有效途径,语境在理解与翻译的过程中起着举足轻重的作用,是正确理解与翻译的基础.

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