全国高考英语对高级中学英语教学的反拨作用

The Washback Effect of the NMET on Senir English Teaching and Learning

Abstract

This thesis discusses the definitions of washback, and the study of it in China and abroad. Then, the author analyzes the participants- teachers and students. The author shows her attitudes towards teaching and learning in senior English teaching, and gives a lot of advice. According to the characteristics, of English teaching and learning the focus of the present study is to make a comparison between Senior III and Senior II from four aspects: teaching contents, teaching methods, teaching pace, and attitudes towards teaching and learning. The major findings of the present study are briefly summarized as follows: First, a significant difference exists between Senior III and Senior II English classroom teaching and learning-speaking abilities are more important in senior III. Second, the NMET exerts both positive and negative washbacks on the teaching and learning in senior middle school English classroom. Third, apart from the test itself it is found that many other factors affect the nature of NMET washback.
 
Key Words: National Matriculation English Test (NMET)；washback；senior English teaching and learning，positive washback；negative washback

摘  要

本探讨了高考英语与高级中学英语课堂教学的关系。作者通过比较高3和高2的教学内容、教学方法以及对老师和学生的角色特征分析，并采用课堂观察、访谈和问卷调查等手段得出以下结论：第1，英语课堂教学存在显著差异。高3英语课堂教学主要是以考试为目的，为考试而教学的现象很普遍。相对而言，高2英语课堂教学更加注重语言运用能力的培养。第2，高考英语考试对高中英语课堂教学既有正而的、也有负而的反拨作用。正而的反拨作用表现为:它促进了教学大纲的贯彻落实;促使高中教师从单纯教授语言知识向训练语言技能转变等。其负而的反拨作用包括:大量使用高考材料; 主要训练的是高考英语考试技能而不是英语语言的使用;课堂学生很少有机会练习语言的使用;口语没有得到足够重视等。第3，除了考试本身以外，作者还发现有许多非考试因素影高考英语考试反拨作用的性质。考试主要是用来为高等学校选拔优秀高中毕业生的，但考试结果同时也被用来评价学校和教师，因而不可避免会造成为考试而教学的情况。此外，学生、教师等因素也影响了高考英语考试反拨作用的性质。

关键词：全国高考英语测试、反拨作用、高中英语教学、正面的反拨作用、负面反拨作用

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