基督教世界观念与狭隘民族观念的对立
2015-02-18 01:23
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基督教世界观念与狭隘民
基督教世界观念与狭隘民族观念的对立
基督教的普世主义和世界大同观念与「种族中心论」（ethnocentrism)截然对立的。这对华夏中心主义的「中」国乃舶来品，长期以来倍受拒斥。自由、博爱、平等的观念来自基督教。基督教是世界性宗教。这与民族主义宗教根本不同。「工人无祖国」、「环球一家」、「世界公民」的观念以及「解放全人类」、「国际工人运动」、「王权有限」、「人类大家庭」等观念乃基督教理念占主导地位的文化之产品。当前人类之威胁，乃在把基督教重铸为民族利己主义和沙文主义的工具，拒绝各种文化之间的交流和渗透。基督教的普世观念同封闭的观念毫无共同之处。当今之世，跨国主义（transnationalism）的观念、跨国市民或公民的观念正在普及开来。近代许多优秀思想家和中国宗教学者也阐述了「世界一家」的基督教理念。这是人类宝贵的思想财富。
AllNationsunderHeavenversusSubjectsoftheFeudalRulers
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BoththeideasofloyaltyandfilialpietybelongtoChinesetraditionalthinking.Althoughthetwoideascannotalwayscomplementeachother,theyareseenasbeingidenticalinChineseculture.Chinesecultureandreligionarecharacterizedbyanagriculturalcivilizationoffeudalautocracy.Christiancosmopolitanismandtheideaof"theGreatHarmonyoftheworld"areantagonistictotheethnocentrismofChineseculture.TheChristianideaofequalityisalientotheChineseideaofmonarchandvassal.Moreover,Christiansdonotacknowlingedgetheirallegiancetoemperorsorkings.Consequently,ChristianideasareoftenrejectedbymainstreamChineseculture.IfChineseculturestolerateChristianity,itisoftenchanged
intotheemperors?religion.
Itisafact,however,thatWesternideasoffreedom,equalityanduniversalfraternitycomefromChristianity.Christianityisaworldreligion,notbelongingtoonenationonly.Itthusdiffersfromnationalistreligions.Workershavenomotherland","thewholeworldbelongstoonefamily",theideaof"worldscitizens",theideaofliberatingthewholehumanrace,theinternationalworkersmovement,theideaoflimitedsovereigntyofstate,theideaoftheHumanFamily,andsoon,areproductsofWesternculturedominatedbyChristianculture.EvenMarxcalledout:"Unite,Proletariansofthewholeworld".Theslogan,LonglivetheunityoftheworldpeopleisonTiananmenGate.ThegreatestdangertohumankindnowisthetransformationofChristianideasintoaselfishnationalismandnationalChauvinism,rejectingtheinterchangeofdifferentcultures.ChristianuniversalismhasnothingincommonwithChinesetraditionalclosedsociety.Inthepresentworld,theideaoftran-nationalism,andtheideaoftransnationalcitizens,isbecomingmoreandmorepopular. 中国大学排名
Duetotheideathat"allmenbelongtoonefamily",theprincipleofnoninterferenceineachotherscountrysinternalaffairs,andtheprincipleofthesupremacyofonesstatessovereignty,isnowbeingchallengedbythetransnationalcivilsocialmovementandtheideaofuniversalhumanrights.Noimportantaffairwithinthecontemporaryworldbelongstoonegovernmentonly.ThisideawaspropoundedbyMarxandEngels,buthasitsrootsintheBibleandtheteachingsofJesus.SomeChineseChristianscholars,forexample,XuBaoqian,havesimilarlyexpoundedtheideaofhumanequality,arguingalongsideMarxistsforthedeceptivenessofnationalism.Nationalismpropagatesthenotionthat,"onesowncountryishighest",and"onesownnationissuperiortoothernations".Furthermore,nationalismoftenlauncheswaragainstothernationsundertheguiseofdefendingonesmotherland.
