语境对词义的制约作用

On the Constraints of the Context on Word Meaning

Abstract

This study, aiming at giving an adequate explanation of the constraints of context on word meaning with the theory of context and word meaning, places context and word meaning together, researches in details on the restrictive function of linguistic context, situational context and cultural context on word meaning and points out the importance of context to listeners or readers understanding of word meaning. After a careful investigation, this paper yields the following findings: Context makes word meaning specific. In the process of message transforming, factors of context influence the understanding of word meaning. Meaning relies heavily on context. Without specific context, information can not be exactly transmitted. Therefore, a speaker/writer chooses language forms relevant to the context to convey ideas; a listener/reader may comprehend language forms with the help of the context. Learners must strengthen the sense of context, and fully use linguistic context, situational context and cultural context so as to understand word meaning correctly.
  
Key words: context; word meaning; restrictive function
 
摘要

本运用语境与词义的相关理论，将语境与词义相结合，具体分析了语言语境，情景语境以及文化语境这3个方面对词义的制约性，说明语境对听者和读者理解词义的重要性。通过研究，得出以下结论：语境使词汇的意义单1化和具体化。在交际信息传递的过程中，语境因素影响词义的理解。意义离不开语境，1旦它离开特定的语境，信息就无法准确的传达。因此，说话人应要选择适合语境的语言表达形式；听话人则应借助语境弥补对话中省略的推理过程，或在有歧义的情况下选择词义。在学习过程中要加强语境意识，充分利用语言语境，情景语境和文化语境，准确地把握词义。

关键词：  语境; 词义; 制约作用 （科教作文网http://zw.ΝsΕac.cOM编辑）