论《美丽新世界》对乌托邦文学主题的解构

On Deconstruction of the Utopian Theme in Brave New World

Abstract

The optimistic traditional Utopia literature theme has turned into pessimistic dystopian (anti-utopian) literature since the twentieth century. The novel Brave New World written by Aldous Huxley is such a representative works of anti-utopian novels. This thesis mainly focuses on analyzing the deconsctrucion of the utopian theme in Brave New World. The author first introduces the development and the characteristics of utopia and anti-utopia literature. “Utopia” seems to be an ideal place to live but we can find the situation in the New World looks more absurd than what we imagined,the new world is not so beautiful ,the social system is absurd, while individual freedom and activities are restrained, so people who lived in the new world is not so happy and want to escape.

Key Words: utopia; dystopia; deconstruction; Brave New World; escape

摘  要

乐观向上的传统乌托邦文学在20世纪逐渐发展成了对未来悲观、对现实失望的反乌托邦文学。赫胥黎的《美丽新世界》就是这么1部反乌托邦文学的力作。该书不仅在思想上反映了赫胥黎对人类发展趋势深刻独到的见解,在艺术上也突破了传统乌托邦小说流于说教的弊病而具有较高的艺术价值。本文主要阐释《美丽新世界》对乌托邦文学主题的解构。作者首先论述了乌托邦文学及反乌托邦文学的发展及其特点；“乌托邦”是1个美好的设想，然而，《美丽新世界》中所描述的世界并不美丽，它不仅制约人的自由和行为，而且它的社会体系也是荒唐的；因此，生活在“新世界”里的人们是不幸的，而正是这种不幸导致了人们的“逃离”。

关键词： 乌托邦、反乌托邦、解构、《美丽新世界》、逃离

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