《老人与海》的生态批评

Ecocriticism in The Old Man and the Sea

Abstract

Hemingway is a famous American writer in the twentieth century. Among his works, The Old Man and the Sea is the most famous one, which made him win the Noble Prize for Literature in 1954. Ecocriticism was introduced into the studies of Hemingway and The Old Man and the Sea around the 1990s, providing a new perspective for reading this book.
This research is to make an ecocritical reading of The Old Man and the Sea, and discuss about the relationship between the old man, Santiago, the nature and other livings in the ocean, exploring the contradiction between ecological awareness and actual behavior of the hero. Santiago has a wise nature-centric ecological awareness, but he behaves in a fearless way to conquer nature, which brings an internecine consequence to both nature and him. Through these descriptions, the author reveals the terrible consequences of trying to conquer nature, urging people to return to nature, and live with nature harmoniously.

Key Words: Hemingway; The Old Man and the Sea; Santiago; Ecocriticism; ecological awareness; nature
                                  
摘 要

海明威是210世纪美国著名作家。作为其最著名的作品之1，《老人与海》作为代表作，于1954年使其获得了诺贝尔文学奖。210世纪910年代，生态批评被西方和中国学术界引入海明威及其著作研究，为解读海明威及《老人与海》提供了新的视角。
本文从生态批评的角度，对《老人与海》进行细读，以探索作品主人公，圣地亚哥与自然及其它生物之间的关系，探索其生态意识与实际行为之间的矛盾。圣地亚哥具有开明的自然中心主义的生态意识，但行动上却无所畏惧地征服自然，显示出无比的勇气和决心，其结果是造成了自然和自身的两败俱伤。通过分析他的实际行为及后果，研究其观念和行为的不1致性，从而揭示征服自然的可怕后果，呼吁人类回归自然，与自然和谐共处。

关键词：海明威、老人与海、圣地亚哥、生态批评、生态意识、自然

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