《瑞普.凡.温克尔》中的避世主义

Escapism in Rip Van Winkle

Abstract

Washington Irving is the father of American literature. He writes the immortal Rip Van Winkle, which symbolizes the beginning of Romanticism. From Irving’s fiction, we can see that he keeps a conservative attitude toward life; he escapes from the chaotic world, to seek serenity in the soul, to look for peace in eternal spirits of nature. Rip, the hero of the fiction, is the first typical image of dropouts. He escapes to the mountains to find comfort and quiet, but on the other hand, he escapes the reality and responsibility. And people around Rip, the nostalgic old men and the idle young people, are images of dropouts. Hence “escapism” is the topic thesis gone through American mainstream culture; the images of dropouts refer to the anxiety, restraint and rebellion against the mainstream culture.
 
Key Words: escapism; dropout; change; reality; Washington Irving; Rip Van Winkle

摘要

华盛顿•欧文是美国文学之父,他写下的不朽的《瑞普•凡•温克尔》标志着美国浪漫主义文学的开端。从欧文的小说可以看出他对生活持保守的态度，他渴望逃离喧嚣的尘世，寻找灵魂的宁静和在自然永恒精神里的安宁。而瑞普，这篇短篇小说的主人公，是第1个典型的避世者形象。他逃往深谷，希望找到安慰、宁静，但另1方面他逃离了现实，逃避了责任。而瑞普周围怀旧的老人和终日无所事事的年轻人，他们都是避世者群像。因此我们认为“避世主义”是美国主流文化与生俱来的主题；避世者代表了对这种主流文化的焦虑、抑制甚至反叛。

关键词：避世主义、避世者、变化、现实、华盛顿•欧文、瑞普•凡•温克尔

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